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Exploration of the Original Ideas of the “Qian” hexagram
Author: Zhou Shan (researcher at the Philosophy Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)
Source: “Philosophy Analysis”, 2020 Issue 2
Time: Confucius was in the 2570s and the 23rd April of the Gengzi, Wuwu
Since the Zhou Yi’s discussion on the world, people have failed to gain differences in the understanding of the hexagram and the lineage of the Qian hexagram. This article sorts out several disputes in the hexagram and the line, and puts forward its own insights, so as to get closer to the original meaning of the hexagram in the Qian, which is the so-called “The Original meaning of King Wen”.
1. Two types of readings of the hexagram “Yuan Henry”
If “Yi Ji” is the first systematic reading of the text of the “Zhou Yi”, then the following text about “Yuan Henry” in “Yuan Henry” can be regarded as the first positive reading of the hexagram “Yuan Henry” in “Qian”: “Yuan is the long of goodness, and heroism is the good fortune. It is the harmony of meaning, and the deed is the cause of work.” Then, “Baiju” further explained this passage, and thus characterized “Yuan Henry” as the four qualities of a righteous person: “A righteous person’s body is enough to be kind to grow people, auspicious people are enough to be harmonious, profitable things are enough to be harmonious, and auspicious people are strong enough to do things. Those who practice these four virtues are called Qianyuan Henry.” Since then, Yixue scholars have mostly read “Four virtues”, such as Wang Bi, the head of the banner of Wei Xuanxue, and Kong Da, who compiled “Zhouyi Zhengyi” in the Tang Dynasty. Cheng Yu, the representative of the scholar of the Song Dynasty, read the hexagram sentences of the “Qian” as “Yuan, Heng, Li, and Guan”, and said: “Yuan Henry is the four virtues of “Yuan Henry”. Yuan is the beginning of thousands of things, the prosperous one is the long one, the profit is the success of thousands of things, and the wealth is the success of thousands of things, and the wealth is the accomplishment of thousands of things. Therefore, Yuan is dedicated to good fortune, benefiting the master of the righteousness and solidity, and the prosperity of the body of the prosperous one is each in its own way. The meaning of the four virtues is vast and large.” 1
In the “Book of Changes”, “Yuan Henry” is used as the hexagram, and the Baozhuang WebmasterIn addition to the Qian hexagram, there are four hexagrams, “Tun”, “Se”, “Ling” and “Wuwang”; the hexagrams of these four hexagrams are also explained in a step-by-step manner after “Yuan Henry”. Therefore, Wang Bi, Kong Guangda and other scholars read the sentence “Yuan Henry Li”, in these four hexagrams, and no longer read it as the “Four Virtues”. Only Cheng Xi still reads the sentence “Yuan Henry” in these four hexagrams as “Yuan, Heng, Li, and Guan”, and reads the “Four Virtues” with the place of peace. Although these four virtues are “in other hexagramsIt changes with things.”Baocai.com2.
In fact, reading “Yuan Henry” as the “Four Virtues” did not start from “Yi Qi Zhi·Bai Yue”. As early as 575 BC, there was a noble woman named Mu Jiang in Lu. After a divination, she made the same meaning as “Yuan Henry” for “Yuan Henry”: “…The Zhou Yi says: “Yuan Henry” has no fault. ’Yuan is the length of the body. Heng means Jia. Profit is the harmony of meaning. The matter is the cause of the matter. Benevolence is enough to grow people, good deeds are enough to be harmonious, profits are enough to be harmonious, and wealth is enough to do things, but it is not controversial. Therefore, although there is no fault. Now, when we are a woman and are in a state of affairs, we are despised, but if we are not kind, we will not be able to be a pride; if we are not calm, we will not be able to be prosperous; if we are not good at doing things, we will not be able to be profit; if we are not able to be good at abandoning positions, we will not be able to be able to be rich. Those with the four virtues will be without any blame; I will be without any faults! If I take evil, can I be without any faults!” 3 This is the late historical record of the ancestors’ meaning of “Yuan Henry” in the hexagram as “Four Virtues”. Before Mu Jiang pronounced “Yuan Henry” and there was also the one in the hexagram of “Tun” “Yuan Henry” was used to read the record. In 636 BC, the despaired King Chong’er wanted to use the power of Qin to gain the dynasty, so he was called “Yu” in “Tun”. When the young son of the servant Sikong read the hexagram of the hexagram of the hexagram of the “Tun” he said: “It is the main force of thunder and long, so it is called “Yuan”. It is auspicious and prosperous, so it is called “Hong”. There is thunder inside, so it is called “Ribao”. “4 The meaning of Sikong’s youngest son on “Yuan Henry” can be read as: “Yuan, Heng, Li Nang. “It is obvious that the differences were revealed in Mu Jiang’s “Four Virtues” sixty years later.
From the above two historical guesses, we can feel that in the four hundred years after the “Book of Changes”‘s life, the noble people already have some mature texts reading “Book of Changes”, and these texts There is already a difference in the meaning of “The Book of Changes”. The later “Baishou” in “The Book of Changes” has a meaning of “Yuan Henry” in the hexagram “Qian” which is exactly the inheritance of the meaning of later generations.
In the view of Zhu Xi, another psychologist at the same time in Cheng Xi, it is like Baocai Club In “Baishou” in this way, the meaning of “Yuan Henry” is “the Book of Changes of Confucius is not the Book of Changes of King Wen”; for example, Cheng reads the “Yuan Henry” in the five hexagrams of the “Zhouyi” as The “Four Virtues” of “Yuan, Heng, Li, and Guan” said, “It is also the “Yuan” of Cheng’s “Yuan” 5. Zhu Xi believed that the “Zhou Yi” written by King Wen of Zhou was originally a divination book, “The ‘Yuan Henry Li’ in “Qian” was originally a divination hexagram, which would be rich and beneficial to upholding the right”6. Therefore, Zhu Xi’s reading of the sentence “Yuan Heng, Li, and Guan.” “Yuan is a big thing, profit is a good thing, and it is a good idea.
From the perspective of the original meaning of the “Book of Changes”, Zhu Xi’s reading and meaning of the sentence “Yuanheng, profit is a good idea”. In the “Book of Changes”Among them, “Yuan” except “Yuanheng” appeared 12 times, “Yuanji” appeared 9 times, “Yuan Yongqi” appeared 2 times, and “Yuanfu” appeared 1 time. “Yuan Ji” is called “big auspicious”, and “Yuan” is interpreted as “big” and is widely shared. Therefore, the meaning of “Yuanheng” as “rich man” is also based on the meaning of “The Book of Changes”.
In fact, whether the original meaning of “Yuan Henry” is the key to the “Four Virtues” lies in the character “Li”. In the “Book of Changes”, the word “li” appears 114 times, among which “li” has 21 times, “little profit” has 3 times, and “living to meet big people” has 7 times. “It is beneficial to meet the rich”, which means it is more clear: it is beneficial to meet the rich, or: the profit lies in meeting the rich. What is more closely related to “Yuan Henry” should be the “profit” and “small profit” that appear alone after leaving “Yuan Henry”; “profit” and “small profit” are obviously a comparison on the good level, rather than a comparison on the moral level. If you say that these 21 times of “profits” are all good things, it will be difficult to say that “profits” in “Yuan Henry” are two independent “virtues”, and you will read them.
If “profit” is regarded as “profit”, the “Book of Changes” should use the word “profit” carefully, and not “profit” is more than a hundred or ten points. In many hexagrams and lines, “profit” and “obscene” are often used together to make clear guidance on the short-term relationship between things and situations. For example, the nine lines on the hexagram in the “Meng” hexagram: “When you attack Meng, you will be a bandit, a
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